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Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode
166
9
Fig. 9-11 Maximum Hold Function Selected
Press this key to return to the QAM INGRESS Main Screen.
CONSTELLATION Mode shows a picture of the quality of the demodulated
digital signal prior to error correction. Identifying a specific constellation
pattern on the grid and associating this pattern with a specific type of
impairment quickly leads to troubleshooting options that minimize or
eliminate the impairment. (A good QAM signal will show a tight grouping of
dots in the center of each square on the grid.)
Constellation Basics
Decision Boundaries
The dots representing QAM symbols on the constellation display should be
well within the grid lines (decision boundaries). When the dots approach or
exceed these boundaries, significant errors are occurring in the transmission
of the signal.
CONSTELLATION MODE
- SDA Series 1
- Stealth Digital Analyzer 1
- Operation Manual 1
- 6510-00-0442, Rev D 2
- Important safety instructions 5
- Reverse Path Troubleshooting 10
- Measuring System Performance 10
- Spectrum Analyzer Mode 11
- PathTrak Field View (OPT3) 11
- Contents 12
- Automatic Test 13
- Maintenance 14
- Application Notes 17
- Specifications 19
- Status Indicators and Icons 20
- User and Error Messages 20
- Glossary 20
- ABOUT THE MANUAL 21
- Section I Introduction 21
- Section II Field Units 21
- xxii 22
- Section III Headend Units 23
- Section IV Appendices 23
- Document Conventions 23
- Keystroke Conventions 24
- The SDA Family 25
- Field Unit 26
- Headend Units 26
- FIELD UNIT (SDA-5000) 27
- Reverse Sweep Alignment 31
- Chapter 2 33
- The Navigator Interface 34
- Navigator Tabs and Icons 35
- Key Controls 37
- Measurement Mode Keys 38
- 40
- Level Measurement 41
- Spectrum Analysis 45
- CONFIGURING THE SDA-5000 46
- Global Configuration 47
- Channel Plan Configuration 51
- Sweep Configuration 52
- PathTrak Configuration (OPT3) 52
- Diagnostics 53
- System Information 56
- Channel Plans 59
- CHANNEL PLAN CONFIGURATION 60
- Select Channel Plan 62
- Video Signal Type 63
- Channel Tuning Sequence 64
- Build Channel Plan 64
- Edit Channel Plan 67
- Editable Parameters 70
- Configuring a Digital Carrier 73
- Inverted Spectrum Features 76
- Delete Unused Channels 77
- Specify Auto Measurements 77
- Edit Limits 79
- Edit Digital Limits 80
- Copy Remote Plan 81
- Chapter 4 83
- TEST POINT COMPENSATION 83
- SWEEP RECEIVER CONFIGURATION 88
- Table 4-1 Sweep Options 90
- SWEEP Menu Options 91
- Signal Level Considerations 95
- Sweep Setup 98
- Forward Sweep Operation 99
- Soft Key Icons: 100
- Forward SWEEP Screens 101
- Frequency Screen 101
- Level Screen 103
- Limit Screen 104
- Tilt Screen 105
- Reverse Sweep 107
- Reverse Injection Levels 107
- Setting the Sweep Direction 108
- Reverse SWEEP Screens 109
- Reverse Frequency Screen 110
- Reverse Level Screen 110
- Reverse Noise Screen 111
- Reverse Noise Level Screen 112
- REV ALIGNMENT Main Screen 114
- REV ALIGNMENT Level Screen 115
- SWEEPLESS SWEEP 116
- LOOPBACK SWEEP (OPT2) 117
- PROBLEMS IN ADVANCED SERVICES 120
- Variable Time Slot TDMA 127
- Troubleshooting TDMA 128
- References 132
- Level Measurements 134
- MEASURING SIGNAL LEVELS 134
- Tilt Measurements 136
- Tilt Compensation 137
- Balancing Amplifiers 138
- Scan Measurements 139
- Scan Rates 140
- Audio Carriers 140
- LEVEL Submenu 141
- FREQUENCY Submenu 141
- TILT Submenu 142
- LIMIT Submenu 142
- CARRIER-TO-NOISE MEASUREMENTS 143
- Why Measure Cable Modem C/N? 146
- HUM MEASUREMENTS 148
- MODULATION MEASUREMENTS 150
- CSO/CBT MEASUREMENTS 152
- AMPLIFIER Submenu 159
- ZERO SPAN Submenu 160
- TIMEBASE Submenu 162
- BANDWIDTH Submenu 163
- PATHTRAK MODE OPERATION 166
- Node List Mode 169
- Node Selection 171
- Node Information 171
- Measurement Hold 171
- Chapter 9 173
- INTRODUCTION 173
- QUICK START 174
- Correcting Signal Lock Errors 175
- Equalizer Mode (Quick Start) 177
- DIGITAL SUMMARY MODE 177
- Features and Definitions 178
- Modulation Format 179
- Symbol Rate 179
- DETAIL Display 179
- Basic Operation 180
- Viewing the DETAIL Display 181
- Viewing the QAM Level Display 181
- Editing the Modulation Format 182
- Editing the Symbol Rate 183
- QAM INGRESS MODE 184
- Measuring QAM INGRESS 186
- Editing the Reference Level 188
- Editing the Scale Parameter 188
- Constellation Basics 190
- CONSTELLATION MODE 190
- Common Impairment Types 191
- Using the Zoom Feature 196
- EQUALIZER MODE 198
- In-Channel Group Delay Screen 201
- TEST LOCATIONS 204
- Table 10-1 Parameters 205
- Entering a New Location 207
- Deleting an Existing Location 207
- Editing an Existing Location 207
- Choose Location 208
- PERFORMING AN AUTO TEST 208
- Edit Location 209
- Select Probe Point 210
- Compensation 212
- Results File Name 212
- Type of Test 213
- Temperature 214
- Canceling an Auto Test 215
- AUTO TEST RESULTS 215
- Viewing Intervals 218
- Chapter 11 221
- STORING FILES 222
- VIEWING AND PRINTING FILES 224
- SWEEP REFERENCES 225
- OVERLAY MODE 227
- Files: Overlay Mode 230
- Battery Terminal Cleaning 232
- Charging the Battery 232
- Cleaning the Instrument 233
- Annual Calibration 233
- Getting Technical Assistance 233
- ABOUT OUR SERVICE 234
- Customer service locations 235
- Instrument services 235
- Consulting Services 236
- Technical training 237
- Warranty information 237
- Equipment return instructions 239
- Chapter 13 241
- USER INTERFACE ELEMENTS 241
- Soft Keys 242
- Navigator 242
- Support Mode Selection Keys 244
- Diamond Keys 244
- Alphanumeric Entry Keys 244
- Printing 245
- Global Setup 246
- GLOBAL CONFIGURATION 246
- Measurements Setup 249
- Channel Plan Setup 251
- Sweep Transceiver (SDA-5500) 251
- Reverse Sweep (SDA-5510) 252
- Level Mode 252
- BASIC MODES OF OPERATION 252
- Tilt Mode 254
- Level Adjustments 255
- Scan Mode 256
- Frequency Adjustments 257
- Scan Rate 257
- frequency 259
- Bandwidth Adjustments 260
- Measuring Hum 261
- Sweep Mode (SDA-5500) 267
- Sweep Mode (SDA-5510) 268
- WORKING WITH FILES 271
- USING AUTO TEST 272
- How To Perform An Auto Test 276
- Auto Test Location 277
- Auto Test Characteristics 277
- Test Point Type 278
- Voltage Measurements 279
- Test Point Compensation 280
- Results File 281
- Type Of Test 281
- Immediate 281
- Scheduled 282
- SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep 291
- Configuration 291
- Setting Levels 293
- Forward Telemetry Level 296
- Forward Sweep Insertion Level 296
- Include Audio Carriers 297
- Access Reverse Sweep Plans 297
- Creating Channel Plans 298
- First Channel Plan Procedure 299
- Editing A Channel Plan 301
- Testing the Transmitter Setup 307
- Stealth Reverse Sweep Concept 308
- CONFIGURING REVERSE SWEEP 308
- Basic Reverse Sweep Procedure 309
- Wiring Connections 309
- Dual Cable Network 311
- Reverse Sweep Setup 312
- (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510) 313
- Reverse Sweep Channel Plans 314
- Editing a Reverse Sweep Plan 318
- SDA-5500 320
- USING BOTH HEADEND UNITS 321
- Forward Sweep Theory 322
- SWEEP HISTORY AND THEORY 322
- Telemetry Channel 323
- Reverse Sweep Theory 324
- Productivity Tools 325
- Sweep References 326
- Optical Node 326
- Reverse Amplifier Alignment 327
- Reverse Noise Broadcast 328
- File Overlay 329
- 3. Edit Channel Parameters 333
- Copying Channel Plans 334
- Field Unit Settings 335
- Common Forward Sweep Problems 337
- No Communication 338
- Bad Response 338
- Faster Forward Sweep 338
- Other Applications 339
- Tips & Hints 340
- Step-by-Step Headend Set Up 342
- REVERSE SWEEP AND BALANCE 342
- Before You Leave the Headend 345
- Another Way 347
- Common Return Sweep Problems 348
- History of CPD 353
- RETURN PATH TROUBLESHOOTING 353
- Troubleshooting CPD 354
- Test Location Considerations 354
- The Noise Mode 355
- Section 76.605(a) 359
- PROOFING AND TESTING 359
- Ena Tilt Swp Scr 361
- Hum [76.605(a)(10)] 364
- Headend Tests [76.605(a)(11)] 365
- Carrier-to-Noise 368
- Hum Measurement 368
- Depth of Modulation 368
- Tilt Measurement 368
- Sweep Mode 369
- Spectrum Mode 369
- Zero-Span Mode 370
- Reverse Transmitter 370
- Telemetry 370
- Data Storage 371
- Serial Interface 371
- Input Configuration 371
- Power Sources 371
- Forward Transmitter (OPT 2) 372
- QAM View Option (Option 4) 372
- MER (Modulation Error Ratio): 373
- EVM (Error Vector Magnitude): 374
- BER (Bit Error Rate): 374
- Measurable QAM Ingress: 374
- Channel Bandwidth: 374
- Power Source: 375
- Soft Key Icons 378
- SDA Option 3 -- PathTrak 381
- SDA Option 4 -- QAM 382
- Symbols and Numbers 395
- frequency adjustments 403
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