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Reverse Path Troubleshooting: Evaluating TDMA Return Path Signals
106
5
Fig. 5-6 Signal with High Noise Floor in Zero Span
Intermittent ingress along with the TDMA signal is a pesky problem when
troubleshooting return path issues. This is a hit-or-miss game. With a
spectrum graph you are completely at the mercy of luck. As you can see,
when there is a signal with intermittent ingress (see Fig. 5-7), there are
additional pulses. The “U” marker in this screen clearly shows a peak “D/U”
of 30 dB. The average noise floor is still well over 50 dB down. These
impulses are a mere 10 uSec every 5 mSec. This leaves the probability of
catching these in the spectrum graph less than 0.2%. However, they are
readily apparent in the ZERO SPAN screen.
- SDA Series 1
- Stealth Digital Analyzer 1
- Operation Manual 1
- 6510-00-0442, Rev D 2
- Important safety instructions 5
- Reverse Path Troubleshooting 10
- Measuring System Performance 10
- Spectrum Analyzer Mode 11
- PathTrak Field View (OPT3) 11
- Contents 12
- Automatic Test 13
- Maintenance 14
- Application Notes 17
- Specifications 19
- Status Indicators and Icons 20
- User and Error Messages 20
- Glossary 20
- ABOUT THE MANUAL 21
- Section I Introduction 21
- Section II Field Units 21
- xxii 22
- Section III Headend Units 23
- Section IV Appendices 23
- Document Conventions 23
- Keystroke Conventions 24
- The SDA Family 25
- Field Unit 26
- Headend Units 26
- FIELD UNIT (SDA-5000) 27
- Reverse Sweep Alignment 31
- Chapter 2 33
- The Navigator Interface 34
- Navigator Tabs and Icons 35
- Key Controls 37
- Measurement Mode Keys 38
- 40
- Level Measurement 41
- Spectrum Analysis 45
- CONFIGURING THE SDA-5000 46
- Global Configuration 47
- Channel Plan Configuration 51
- Sweep Configuration 52
- PathTrak Configuration (OPT3) 52
- Diagnostics 53
- System Information 56
- Channel Plans 59
- CHANNEL PLAN CONFIGURATION 60
- Select Channel Plan 62
- Video Signal Type 63
- Channel Tuning Sequence 64
- Build Channel Plan 64
- Edit Channel Plan 67
- Editable Parameters 70
- Configuring a Digital Carrier 73
- Inverted Spectrum Features 76
- Delete Unused Channels 77
- Specify Auto Measurements 77
- Edit Limits 79
- Edit Digital Limits 80
- Copy Remote Plan 81
- Chapter 4 83
- TEST POINT COMPENSATION 83
- SWEEP RECEIVER CONFIGURATION 88
- Table 4-1 Sweep Options 90
- SWEEP Menu Options 91
- Signal Level Considerations 95
- Sweep Setup 98
- Forward Sweep Operation 99
- Soft Key Icons: 100
- Forward SWEEP Screens 101
- Frequency Screen 101
- Level Screen 103
- Limit Screen 104
- Tilt Screen 105
- Reverse Sweep 107
- Reverse Injection Levels 107
- Setting the Sweep Direction 108
- Reverse SWEEP Screens 109
- Reverse Frequency Screen 110
- Reverse Level Screen 110
- Reverse Noise Screen 111
- Reverse Noise Level Screen 112
- REV ALIGNMENT Main Screen 114
- REV ALIGNMENT Level Screen 115
- SWEEPLESS SWEEP 116
- LOOPBACK SWEEP (OPT2) 117
- PROBLEMS IN ADVANCED SERVICES 120
- Variable Time Slot TDMA 127
- Troubleshooting TDMA 128
- References 132
- Level Measurements 134
- MEASURING SIGNAL LEVELS 134
- Tilt Measurements 136
- Tilt Compensation 137
- Balancing Amplifiers 138
- Scan Measurements 139
- Scan Rates 140
- Audio Carriers 140
- LEVEL Submenu 141
- FREQUENCY Submenu 141
- TILT Submenu 142
- LIMIT Submenu 142
- CARRIER-TO-NOISE MEASUREMENTS 143
- Why Measure Cable Modem C/N? 146
- HUM MEASUREMENTS 148
- MODULATION MEASUREMENTS 150
- CSO/CBT MEASUREMENTS 152
- AMPLIFIER Submenu 159
- ZERO SPAN Submenu 160
- TIMEBASE Submenu 162
- BANDWIDTH Submenu 163
- PATHTRAK MODE OPERATION 166
- Node List Mode 169
- Node Selection 171
- Node Information 171
- Measurement Hold 171
- Chapter 9 173
- INTRODUCTION 173
- QUICK START 174
- Correcting Signal Lock Errors 175
- Equalizer Mode (Quick Start) 177
- DIGITAL SUMMARY MODE 177
- Features and Definitions 178
- Modulation Format 179
- Symbol Rate 179
- DETAIL Display 179
- Basic Operation 180
- Viewing the DETAIL Display 181
- Viewing the QAM Level Display 181
- Editing the Modulation Format 182
- Editing the Symbol Rate 183
- QAM INGRESS MODE 184
- Measuring QAM INGRESS 186
- Editing the Reference Level 188
- Editing the Scale Parameter 188
- Constellation Basics 190
- CONSTELLATION MODE 190
- Common Impairment Types 191
- Using the Zoom Feature 196
- EQUALIZER MODE 198
- In-Channel Group Delay Screen 201
- TEST LOCATIONS 204
- Table 10-1 Parameters 205
- Entering a New Location 207
- Deleting an Existing Location 207
- Editing an Existing Location 207
- Choose Location 208
- PERFORMING AN AUTO TEST 208
- Edit Location 209
- Select Probe Point 210
- Compensation 212
- Results File Name 212
- Type of Test 213
- Temperature 214
- Canceling an Auto Test 215
- AUTO TEST RESULTS 215
- Viewing Intervals 218
- Chapter 11 221
- STORING FILES 222
- VIEWING AND PRINTING FILES 224
- SWEEP REFERENCES 225
- OVERLAY MODE 227
- Files: Overlay Mode 230
- Battery Terminal Cleaning 232
- Charging the Battery 232
- Cleaning the Instrument 233
- Annual Calibration 233
- Getting Technical Assistance 233
- ABOUT OUR SERVICE 234
- Customer service locations 235
- Instrument services 235
- Consulting Services 236
- Technical training 237
- Warranty information 237
- Equipment return instructions 239
- Chapter 13 241
- USER INTERFACE ELEMENTS 241
- Soft Keys 242
- Navigator 242
- Support Mode Selection Keys 244
- Diamond Keys 244
- Alphanumeric Entry Keys 244
- Printing 245
- Global Setup 246
- GLOBAL CONFIGURATION 246
- Measurements Setup 249
- Channel Plan Setup 251
- Sweep Transceiver (SDA-5500) 251
- Reverse Sweep (SDA-5510) 252
- Level Mode 252
- BASIC MODES OF OPERATION 252
- Tilt Mode 254
- Level Adjustments 255
- Scan Mode 256
- Frequency Adjustments 257
- Scan Rate 257
- frequency 259
- Bandwidth Adjustments 260
- Measuring Hum 261
- Sweep Mode (SDA-5500) 267
- Sweep Mode (SDA-5510) 268
- WORKING WITH FILES 271
- USING AUTO TEST 272
- How To Perform An Auto Test 276
- Auto Test Location 277
- Auto Test Characteristics 277
- Test Point Type 278
- Voltage Measurements 279
- Test Point Compensation 280
- Results File 281
- Type Of Test 281
- Immediate 281
- Scheduled 282
- SDA-5500/SDA-5510 Sweep 291
- Configuration 291
- Setting Levels 293
- Forward Telemetry Level 296
- Forward Sweep Insertion Level 296
- Include Audio Carriers 297
- Access Reverse Sweep Plans 297
- Creating Channel Plans 298
- First Channel Plan Procedure 299
- Editing A Channel Plan 301
- Testing the Transmitter Setup 307
- Stealth Reverse Sweep Concept 308
- CONFIGURING REVERSE SWEEP 308
- Basic Reverse Sweep Procedure 309
- Wiring Connections 309
- Dual Cable Network 311
- Reverse Sweep Setup 312
- (SDA-5500 and SDA-5510) 313
- Reverse Sweep Channel Plans 314
- Editing a Reverse Sweep Plan 318
- SDA-5500 320
- USING BOTH HEADEND UNITS 321
- Forward Sweep Theory 322
- SWEEP HISTORY AND THEORY 322
- Telemetry Channel 323
- Reverse Sweep Theory 324
- Productivity Tools 325
- Sweep References 326
- Optical Node 326
- Reverse Amplifier Alignment 327
- Reverse Noise Broadcast 328
- File Overlay 329
- 3. Edit Channel Parameters 333
- Copying Channel Plans 334
- Field Unit Settings 335
- Common Forward Sweep Problems 337
- No Communication 338
- Bad Response 338
- Faster Forward Sweep 338
- Other Applications 339
- Tips & Hints 340
- Step-by-Step Headend Set Up 342
- REVERSE SWEEP AND BALANCE 342
- Before You Leave the Headend 345
- Another Way 347
- Common Return Sweep Problems 348
- History of CPD 353
- RETURN PATH TROUBLESHOOTING 353
- Troubleshooting CPD 354
- Test Location Considerations 354
- The Noise Mode 355
- Section 76.605(a) 359
- PROOFING AND TESTING 359
- Ena Tilt Swp Scr 361
- Hum [76.605(a)(10)] 364
- Headend Tests [76.605(a)(11)] 365
- Carrier-to-Noise 368
- Hum Measurement 368
- Depth of Modulation 368
- Tilt Measurement 368
- Sweep Mode 369
- Spectrum Mode 369
- Zero-Span Mode 370
- Reverse Transmitter 370
- Telemetry 370
- Data Storage 371
- Serial Interface 371
- Input Configuration 371
- Power Sources 371
- Forward Transmitter (OPT 2) 372
- QAM View Option (Option 4) 372
- MER (Modulation Error Ratio): 373
- EVM (Error Vector Magnitude): 374
- BER (Bit Error Rate): 374
- Measurable QAM Ingress: 374
- Channel Bandwidth: 374
- Power Source: 375
- Soft Key Icons 378
- SDA Option 3 -- PathTrak 381
- SDA Option 4 -- QAM 382
- Symbols and Numbers 395
- frequency adjustments 403
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