
the temporal structures. We note that some patients with ADLTE
describe psychic (‘de
´
ja
`
-vu’) and autonomous symptoms (epigastric
sensations), characteristic of mesial temporal lobe auras
(Morante-Redolat et al., 2002; Winawer et al., 2002; Ottman
et al., 2004).
Further evidence for hippocampal involvement for seizures in
LGI1
/
mice was provided by anatomical changes occurring
after the onset of recurring ictal events. These changes, which
include neuronal cell death, astrocyte reactivity, granule cell dis-
persion and aberrant mossy fibre sprouting in the dentate gyrus,
CBA
FED
LKJ
ONM
IHG
Wild-type LGI1+/- LGI1-/-
CA1CA3Hipp
LGI1-/-
RQP
Figure 8 Seizure-induced hippocampal damage in homozygous LGI1
/
mice aged postnatal day 14. (A–C) Nissl-staining shows dentate
granule cell dispersion in LGI1
/
mice (C). (D–I ) Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining with cresyl violet counterstaining of the
hippocampus of (D) wild-type (n=3), (E) LGI1
+/
(n = 3) and (F) LGI1
/
(n = 3) mice. Enlarged images of the dentate gyrus in
(G) wild-type, (H) LGI1
+/
and (I) LGI1
/
mice. Reactive astrocytes are observed in LGI1
/
mice (F and I). (J–O) Zinc transporter 3
(ZnT3) immunostaining with cresyl violet counterstaining of the hippocampus of (J) wild-type (n = 5), (K) LGI1
+/
(n = 4) and (L) LGI1
/
(n = 5) mice. Enlarged images of the dentate gyrus from (M) wild-type, (N) LGI1
+/
and (O) LGI1
/
mice showing mossy fibre sprouting
in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus of LGI1
/
mice (L, O). (P–R) Fluoro-Jade C positive neurons in the hippocampus
(P), CA3 region (Q) and CA1 region (R) of LGI1
/
mice. Scale bars: 160 mm(D–F, J–L); 60 mm(A–C, G–I, M–R). Hipp = hippocampus.
LGI1 knockout mice Brain 2010: 133; 2749–2762 | 2759
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